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The White Rats was an organization formed by vaudeville performers, led by George Fuller Golden, as a labor union to support the rights of male performers.〔(ACTORS GO ON A STRIKE(2) - Members of the "White Rats" Organization Refuse to Play. Every Syndicate Vaudeville House in the Country Said to Be Affected - Object to Paying Comm... )〕 It was a Men's Club only. Women were not allowed to join. It also attempted to combat the monopolistic practices of the United Booking Office (UBO) and the Vaudeville Managers Association (VMA), groups formed by vaudeville theater managers to keep performers' wages low and control when and where performers were allowed to work. It was based on the Water Rats, a British entertainment industry charity.〔Trav S.D. ''No Applause - Just Throw Money: The Book that Made Vaudeville Famous'' (New York: Faber and Faber, Inc., 2005)〕 It received a charter from the American Federation of Labor in 1910.〔Smith, Bill. ''The Vaudevillians''. (New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc., 1976)〕 The union staged several strikes but ultimately disbanded. ==Membership== Golden wrote a book about the White Rats, ''My Lady Vaudeville and her White Rats'', which was published in 1909 by the Broadway Publishing Company.〔(My Lady Vaudeville and her White rats - Google Books )〕 This book lists the following members: * George Fuller Golden, President * Ezra Kendall, Secretary and Treasurer Directors: * David C. Montgomery * John L. Rixford * Mark P. Murphy * Junie McCree * Fred Stone * Horace Goldin * James F. Dolan * Frank Gardiner * Chas. T. Aldrich * George B. Reno * George Felix * Ren Shields * George W. Monroe * Sam Morton * Walter Leroy * M.J. Sullivan * Nat M. Wills * Chas. McDonald * Harry Hayes * Joe Birnes * Harry Luken * Eddie Foy * Bobby Gaylor * George Evans * Todd Judge * Fred Niblo It only allowed male performers to join. It was restricted against Women Performers 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「White Rats of America」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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